massive glacial lake outburst flood in Sikkim, India, has caused widespread damage and displacement of thousands of people. The flood occurred on 4 October 2023 when the South Lhonak lake breached its banks, causing a torrent of water down the Teesta River. The flood reached the Teesta III Dam at Chungthang, destroying it in minutes. The flood has caused widespread damage to infrastructure, homes, and businesses, with over 100 confirmed dead and many more missing. The Sikkim government has declared a state of emergency. The South Lhonak glacial lake breach in North Sikkim led to a Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF), triggered by failed moraine dams. Climate change, accelerated glacier melting, and unplanned development in floodplains and landslide-prone areas further increase the risk of GLOFs. The flood caused extensive damage to forests and vegetation along the Teesta River, causing soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and reduced carbon sequestration. The flood also pollu...